Flying-machine.



UNITED STATES PATENT QFFIGE.

mane I. HAIKELL. OI LOUISVILLE. KENTUCKY. AND JAMES 0. RASXBLL, WASHINGTON. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

FLYING-MACHINE.

lpecttteattoa of Letter: Intent.

Patented Dec. 5, 101.1.

Application tiled June I0, 1811. flcrtll No. 082,807.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, Ronnlrr J. Ilasunm.

and Jun-2s (i. llasunnn, citizens of the lateral stability thereof.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel construction and arrangement of fore and aft stability planes which have a normal fixed position and the front one of which is manually adjustable to sc' cure safety under exigencies of service where loss of the. longitudinal balance is threatened.

A atill further object. of the invention is to provide. balancing devices at the sides of the machine which operate autonmtically when the machine tilts laterally to restore the lateral balance, and which are also manually adjustable in case of emergency and to enable the machine to be properly banked in making a turn.

The invention consists of the features of construction, combination and arrangenwnt. of parts hereinafter fully described and claimed, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of a living machine constructed in accordance with our invention. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the "same. Fig. 3 is a sectional frontfelevaiion zontal section or line 5-43 of Fig. l..

on the plane indicated by the line 3-4) of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section on line 44 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 iso hIori- "lg. (l is a vcl ieal longitudinal section on line 0-0 of Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the controlling lever and connections. Fig. 8 is a vertical fore and aft section of the same. p

The frame structure of the machine as a whole comprises a main frame 1. a short. or

stub head frame 2, and a tail frame 8 of aomeconsiderable length to give an etlicient degree of inherent stability in a longitudinal direction. The main frame carries one or more, preferably two, superposed, main lltllltS or supporting surfaces, which may e of anv conventional curvature, and also of any esired length and width to secure the lifting power required. The machine is supporter when at rest upon suitably cushioned wheels 5, eonstitutiu the launch ing and alighting gear of lite machine, which, however. may be of any desired type and construction. It is to be understood, of course, that the parts of the frame work are braced and trussed in any ordinary or preferred way to secure stanchnees and rigidity.

Mounted upon the tail frame are horizontal and vertical rudders 6 and 7, from which pairs of cables 8 and 9 lead to controlling devices arranged upon the main frame adjacent to the aviators seat. 10, as hereinafter described. Also mounted u on the tail frame is a stability plane 11 ofea: length; than the main plane, but havin the same general width and curvature. is stability plane 11 is disposed between the lnaiu frame and the transverse center of the tail frame and acts as an auxiliaryeu porting surface to sustain the weight of t e tail frame aml provide for a proper distribution of the centers of air pressure relative tothe center of gravity of the machine to secure greater inherent longitudinal stabilityu-A similar stability plane ]2 is mounted upon the head frame and normally remains fixed in position at the same angle of incidence as the plane H. to secure an etiective degree of automatic balancing motion of the machine. on its transverse axis.- The plane 12 may! however. be adjusted to vary its angle 0 incidence as occasion may require when it is desired or necessary to sccurea ra id longitudinal tilting of the machine for alancin or steering. as when a loss'of longitudina stability is threatened and it is necessary to take instant measures to prevent danger. Said plane 1) may also be employed as a horizontal rudder for vertical steering with the rear horizontal rudder or, in an emer-. gcncy, in lieu of said rudder to maintain control of the nmchine in the event of the derangen'ient of the rear horizontal rudder from any cause.

The machine is provided with aileron! 18 or equivalent devicesunder manual control for maintaining the lateral balance under ordinary conditions and for buuking the machine in lnakin turns. Also provided upon the ends of tie upper main plane are 5 balancing planes or wing tips 14, each bin ed to the main plane to swing vertically, as indicated at 15, and each provided with a depending bracket or frame 16 carrying at its lower end an automatic contro lin element, such as a weight 17. Tllt!.8tllt balancing planes or wing tips normally lie in the plane of the main frame and are preferably curved to conform thereto, but are of greater length than the width of the main plane to provide rcarwardly projecting extensions 18, which increase their dimensions in the direction of length of the machine to adapt them to have an ell'eetive degree of lifting power. Normally thb weightscontact with the ends of the main frame and, together with the bracket 16 rate as pendulum levers to mantain tie alancing plan s in normal position as long as the machine preserves its lateral balance. When however, either side of the machine 3 tilts downward the pendulum weight cona trolling the balancing plane at such aide lnuinta ms the normal position of said balancing rlunc, so that a relative motion between alancing plane and body of the ma- '30 the l incidence of the balancing lane, whereby a a lifting pressure of the air t mean is secured to restore the machine to its normally hal- 86 ancel position, as will be readily understoo justing the horizontal and vertical rudders.

the front stability plane, the ailerons and the balancing planes or wing tips, so that said balancing planes or wing tips may be manually controlled in addition to the rudders and front stability plane. in order that the degree of inclination of the machine may be controlled inbanking the same,

and also in order that the balancing planes may be employed in conjunction with the ailerons for a rapid and effective lateral balancing control in case of an emergency.

As shown, a lever is pivotally mounted for fore and aft swinging movements, and to this lever, above and below the pivot point thereof, are attached the forward ends of the cables 8. so that by reverse movements of the lever the horizontal rudder may be adjusted in opposite directions. Journaled on the lever is a grooved policy or hand wheel 20, to which arc-attached the forward ends of the cables a, which are adapted to wind in opposite directions thereon, so that upon turning said hand wheel in one direction or the other opposite swinging movements may be imparted to the vertical rudder. The plane 12 is connected by a 65 red or link 21 with the lever 22, by which the chine is established to increase the angle of Controlling devices are provided for ad'-' it may be adjusted, said lever carrying a sprm actuated pawl 28 to an age a rack 24, wiereby Ilmay be fixed in adjusted position. A rocking or swinging shoulder fork 25 of ordinary type is provided for controlling the ailerons and is coupled to cables 26 leading therefrom, the ailerons bemgconneeted or movement in opposite directions in' unison, in the usual manner. Each balancing plane 18 is rovided with an upwardly projecting eran arm 27 and from the crank arms of said planes lead cables 28 to the upper end of a lever 29 carrying a spring actuated pawl 30 to engage a rack 31 so that the lever may be normally locked, in a neutral position, allowing the planes to have free and independent automatic balancing movements. hroughthe controlling means described either plane 28 may be adjusted upwardly inde ndently of the other, thus enabling alancing lane at either side of the machine to be e evated at the same time the ad acent'aderon is adjusted for a lifting movement, in order that a rapid elevation of the desired side of the machine may be secured in turning and banking movements.

This construction also permits of the manual control of the balancing planes for maintaining the lateral balance of the machine in the event of derangement of the ailerons or binding of the operatin cables thereof. thus securing increased. safety in the operation of the machine.

'lo thebraeket 10 are connected cabl s 32, which are joined at their inner ends and pass through a )air of spaced guides 33 formed-or provided upon the lever 29 becables consists of sections connmted-by an elastic element tl4.-in the form of a spring or other suitable expansihle and contraetihle coupling. Nornmlly the cables 32 hang sufficiently slack to permit the balancing planes 14 to swing freely for an automatic balancing action, but a means is provided whereby the slack in said cables may be taken up in order that the degree of swinging moveanent of the ailerons may be regulated and controlled. This slack take-up device comprises a jaw 35 having a tapered end 36 and mount- 'low the pivot point. thereof. Eaeh'of these 0d upon the angu arly bent upper end of a a bar 37, which angularly bent .end of the ,bar slides vertically in a guide slot 38. The lower end of the bar carries an operating handle 39 and is provided with a latch 40 to engage a keeper 41, whereby the bar may be locked at the limitof its downward movement. in which the tapered end of the jaw as engages a V-abaped recess 42 in a liver clamping jaw 43. The jaw 35 normally overlies that portion of the cables disposed between the guides it l. so that. upon moving the. lever dowmvardly said movable jaw will engage such portion of the cables and carry the some down in the form of a loop into engagement with the lixedjaw, in which poanion the lever ma be hel by engaging the latch 40 with the eeper 41 to maintain the cables in the tent condition to which they are drawn by the formation of the loop. In this action the extensible couplings iii are somewhat expended, so that upon the return of the lever to its nora al position the con- 9 plin will react and again restore the. slack m t re cables.

It will be understoml that under all nornml conditions the lever is unlocked for free movement and the cables 32 hang slack 15 to permit the balancing lltilit'tl ii to have freedom of operation or automatically maintaining the lateral balance under tli'tllnary service conditions. liy this means the necessity of employing the ailerons is h- 29 viated, except in the operations of turning and banking, or when a strong breeze .is blowing or it is desired to secure a rapid return of the unlmlam-cd machine to a halanced lmsition. it is desirable umlcr some :5 eonditiona'tolimit the swinging movements of the planes l-i,-which may be nt'cotnpllsbml by locking'the lever 2a in a neutral position andadjnstin the slack take-up device for use, in whic event the movements of the so planes l-lwill be limited to the extent of n ovement of the cables 32 permitted by the expansion of the couplings 34. Upon d rawing the cables 32 taut ami unlm-kiugthc lever 29, the latter may be adjusted to draw 35 upon. one or the otherof the cables as to regulate the resistance of said cable to the upward movement of the plane 14 connected therewith .By this mean the llillitl ii at the low, llNll't-llll'lllllfl sit e of t to machine 40 may be controlled to diminish its lifting act on so that the machine may heaccuratciy and sensitively banked.

Having thus described our invention, wlmt we claim as new is:

It i. llying machine emlmdying a pair of super med supporting surfaces, vertically movn ilt' balancing planes hinged to the lateral margins of the.upper supporting surface, brackets connected with aml depending so from said lanes, and weights at thelower ends of said brackets adapted'to aimt against. the lateral margins of the lower support-ing surface to maintain the ilanea' in normal position, said brackets am weights operat- ,u ng as penduhnna independently controlling the operation of the balancing planes when the machine tilts laterally in one direction or the other.

9. A flying machine embodying a pair of 00 super maul supporting surfaces, vertically more do bahua-ing planes hinged to the lat-- oral mar ins of the upper supporting surface am having extensions projecting in rear of said supporting surface, brackets de- 0 pending from said planes, and weights carried by, the brackets and 'normall bearing against the lateral margins of the oweraupporting surface to maintain .the )lanes m normu position, said brackets ant weights 0 )erating as penduhnns controllin the ac- I0 tlon of the planes when the mac ine tilts laterally in either direction.

3. ll ving machine embodying a pair of super msed supportin surfaces, vertically more do balancing l ones hinged at their 18 inner edges to the ateral margins of the upper supporting surface. substantially triangular brackets depending from said planes. and weights attached to the brackets at a point substantially in line with the hingei edges of the planes and adapted to abut against the lateral margins of the lower supporting surface to maintain said planes in nor: a position. said bra kets and weights (nu-rating as pendulums independently controlling the action of the planes when the nnu-hine tilts laterally in either direction.

4. in a flying machine. a supporting surface. balancing planes at the lateral margins 00 thereof pivoted to tilt vertically, wei hts ai- -tachcd to and imle wndentiy control ing the resla-cttve planes.,an operating device. and

connections la-tween said operating device and the respective ilanes, whereby either 0 plane may be manna ly tilted independently of the other. 5. la a tlyin machine, a supporting surface. lateral ha ancin planes at the margin! of said surface, wcig ts attached to and controlling each plane for an automatic tilting operation independently of the other, a pivoted lever. connections between the arms of the lever and the balancing planes. whereby either done may be manually tilted indelttl' penden lv of the other. normally slack connections between the,othcr arm of the lever and the balancing planes, aml meanafor taking up the'slae a said connections.

ll. In a flying machine. the combination of a 'main frame carrying a suppm'tiug surface a short head frame, a relatively longer tall frame, horizontal and vertical rudders carried by the tail frame, a fixed stabilizing plane upon the tail frame between the trans- I15 verse center of said frame and the main frame, a mrrcsmiuding stabilizing plane adjustahly mounted on the head frame and normally maintained at a corresponding 'angle to said fixed stabilising plane, baianeing devices at or near the lateral mar ins of the supporting surface. aml means or adjusting the rudders, front stabilizing plane, aml balancing planes.

7. in a flying machine. a slip iorting sarface, balancm planes, weights or normally holding the ll ancmg ilanes Ill a determined position, a control ing device, connections between the controlling device and halancing planes for manually tilting the lat- 

